Immune cells and prognosis in HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: Review of the literature

The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) with dominance of tonsillar and base of tongue cancer (TSCC and BOTSCC) has increased the past decades [1–3]. These tumors are often diagnosed in more advanced stages compared to HPV-negative (HPV−) tumors, yet prove better prognosis [4–6]. The percentage of HPV− OPSCCs are decreasing, while the incidence of HPV positive (HPV+) OPSCCs is associated to 20–80% of all OPSCCs, depending on geographical location, sample size and tumor classification [1,7,8].

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