Up-regulation of HB-EGF by the COX-2/PGE2 signaling associates with the cisplatin resistance and tumor recurrence of advanced HNSCC

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is among the most prevalent cancerous diseases around the world [1,2]. Patients with HNSCC usually present with advanced disease at their first diagnosis and treatment. Despite effective initial treatment, therapeutic failure usually develops due to local or distant relapse in these patients [3,4]. The clinical prognosis of HNSCC has remained unsatisfactory over the past decades [5,6]. The management of advanced HNSCC remains a great challenge and clinical oncologists find HNSCC difficult to cure solely by surgical resection, or irradiation alone [7–9].

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