Sutureless approach with vein grafts and mesenchymal stem cells in primary nerve repair: Functional and immunohistological results

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to define a sutureless peripheral nerve repair technique with a vein graft and bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) and compare it to epineural repair.

Materials and methods

Thirty Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups evenly. In the control group (C), epineural repair was performed. In the SV (suture + vein) and MSV (BMSC + suture + vein) groups, epineural repair was wrapped with a vein graft. In the V (vein) and MV (vein + BMSC) groups, sutureless repair using a vein graft was performed by taking sutures away from the regeneration site. Rats were evaluated with pinprick, toe spread tests and sciatic nerve index (SFI) at 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. They were sacrificed at 12th week, repair sites were harvested and evaluated immunohistochemically.

Results

There was no difference in pinprick and toe spread tests between the groups at 12th week. The mean SFI was −76.5 ± 3.7, −65.2 ± 11.7, −46.2 ± 19.4, −68.8 ± 9.8, −56 ± 8.8 in the C, SV, MSV, V, MV groups, respectively. The MSV group showed significantly the best SFI results (P < .05). NF-H immunostaining scores were as C; 1 ± 0.18, SV; 2.5 ± 0.36, MSV; 4 ± 0.49, V; 1.56 ± 0.54, MV; 3 ± 0.39, whereas GAP-43 scores were as C; 1 ± 0.31, SV; 2.66 ± 0.56, MSV; 4.50 ± 0.23, V; 2 ± 0.23, MV; 3 ± 0.6. The best nerve regeneration according to immunostaining results was observed in the MSV group (P < .05). The mean fibrosis area was 221.5 ± 25.9, 101.6 ± 7.1, 121.3 ± 18.8, 150.3 ± 12.1, 152.4 ± 11.8 μm² in the above groups, respectively. SV and MSV groups showed the significantly less fibrosis area (P < .05).

Conclusion

Epineural suture repair combined with vein wrapping and BMSCs (MSV) showed the best SFI, GAP-43, and NF-H immunostaining results.

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