A unified statistical model for the human electrocorticogram

The electroencephalography (EEG) of Richard Caton (Caton, 1875) and Hans Berger (Berger, 1929) perhaps constitutes the earliest investigative window on the living brain of continuing importance today. For neurologists, EEG remains crucial to the diagnosis and management of epilepsy and sleep disorders; for neurobiologists, EEG offers insight into brain function at multiple tiers of neural organization. The term 'EEG' conventionally denotes the macroscopic scalp recording of time-dependent voltage fluctuations arising from summated electrotonic activity from cortical surfaces of areas ≈ 6-10 cm2 or more (Cooper et al., 1965; Tao et al., 2005); electrocorticography ('ECoG') refers to recordings directly from the cortical surface or intracerebrally at much greater spatial resolution (Kahane and Dubeau, 2014).

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