Chronic rhinosinusitis remains one of the most costly chronic diseases to treat in the United States, with an estimated economic burden of greater than $60 billion. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis is one of the most difficult subsets of the condition to manage, often requiring multiple surgical procedures because there are no safe and effective medical therapies to prevent polyp formation. Oral steroids and intranasal steroid irrigations remain the mainstay of the medical therapy for patients with nasal polyposis, but the adverse effects of long-term steroid use are harmful across multiple organ systems, and the risks for both the common adverse effects as well as the rare and idiosyncratic devastating adverse effects appear to increase with the accumulated dose of steroids over a person's lifetime. As a result, the need for new, safe, and effective medical therapies remains a pressing priority for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis.
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