Source:Sleep Medicine
Author(s): Xu Li, Richard P. Allen, Christopher J. Earley, Hongjun Liu, Tiana E. Cruz, Richard A.E. Edden, Peter B. Barker, Peter C.M. van Zijl
ObjectivesAltered brain iron homeostasis with regional iron deficiency has been previously reported in several studies of restless legs syndrome patients. Inconsistencies still exist, however, in the reported iron changes in different brain regions and different restless legs syndrome phenotypes. The purpose of this study was to assess differences in brain iron concentrations compared to healthy controls and their relation to disease severity and periodic limb movements during sleep in idiopathic restless legs syndrome patients.MethodsAssessment of brain iron was done using quantitative magnetic susceptibility measurement, which has been shown to correlate well with tissue iron content in brain gray matter. Thirty-nine restless legs syndrome patients and 29 age-matched healthy controls were scanned at 7 Tesla. Magnetic susceptibilities in substantia nigra, thalamus, striatum and several iron-rich gray matter regions were quantified and compared with related clinical measures.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, restless legs syndrome patients showed significantly decreased magnetic susceptibility in the thalamus and dentate nucleus. No significant difference was found in the substantia nigra between restless legs syndrome patients and healthy controls, but a significant correlation was observed between magnetic susceptibility in substantia nigra and the periodic limb movements during sleep measure.ConclusionsUsing quantitative magnetic susceptibility as an in vivo indicator of brain iron content, the present study supports the general hypothesis of brain iron deficiency in restless legs syndrome and indicates its possible link to periodic limb movements during sleep.
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