A Retrospective Analysis of Dental Implant Survival in HIV Patients

Abstract

Aim

This 5 years retrospective cohort survival study compared failure rates of dental implants placed in HIV (+) and HIV (‐) patients relative to several risk factors.

Materials and Methods

Between 2006 and 2015, 484 implants placed in HIV (+) patients and 805 implants placed in HIV (‐) patients, were assessed for survival. The effects of HIV were estimated using propensity weighting. The effects of age, smoking status, diabetes, restoration status, gender, implant type, placement site, hepatitis C status, baseline CD4 count and CD4%, post placement average CD4%, nadir CD4%, nadir CD4 count and antiviral therapy were analyzed.

Results

Implants placed in HIV (+) patients and HIV (‐) patients had similar failure rates (HR=1.4, P=0.34). Increased failure rates were observed in HIV (+) patients with baseline CD4%≤20 (HR=2.72, P=0.04), post placement CD4% average ≤20% (HR=2.71, P=0.04), protease inhibitor administration (HR=2.74, P=0.04), smoking (HR=2.61, P=0.05) and anterior maxillary placement (HR=5.82, P<0.01). Hepatitis C co‐infection, viral titer, baseline CD4 count, gender, implant type and restoration type were non‐contributory.

Conclusion

Implants placed in HIV (+) patients had similar survival rates as HIV (‐) patients. Failure rates increase significantly when confounding risk factors are present in HIV (+) patients.

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