Visually detected non−rapid eye movement stage 2 sleep spindle density at age 5 years predicted prosocial behavior positively and hyperactivity scores negatively at age 9 years

Cross-sectionally, a higher density of sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) spindles has been associated with more efficient cortical–subcortical connectivity, superior intellectual and learning abilities, and healthier emotional and behavioral traits. In the present study, we explored to what extent sleep spindle density (SSD) at age 5 years could predict emotional and behavioral traits at 6 and 9 years.

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