Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with periodontal disease

Abstract

Objectives

Vitamin D plays an essential role in bone metabolism as well as in immunity. Hence, it might affect the development and extent of periodontal disease. The aim of this study was the assessment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status in periodontal disease.

Materials and methods

Twenty-nine patients with severe periodontal disease and 29 healthy volunteers were recruited in this case-control-study. Serum 25(OH)D levels, Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Body Mass Index (BMI), and current smoking status and smoking history (packyears) were assessed in all participants. Serum 25(OH)D levels were compared between controls and cases. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for periodontal disease in 25(OH)D deficient probands.

Results

Patients with periodontal disease presented a significantly higher proportion of deficient 25(OH)D levels (i.e., <50 nmol/l) compared to healthy controls (48 vs. 14 % respectively). The adjusted OR for periodontal disease with vitamin D deficiency was 1.5 (95 % CI, 1.13–1.98). No correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and CAL, PPD, and BOP in the group with periodontal disease was found.

Conclusions

In this case-control-study 25(OH)D deficiency is significantly associated with periodontal disease.

Clinical relevance

The assessment of vitamin D levels in patients presenting with periodontal disease seems advisable, as vitamin D deficiency might be involved in the onset and progression of periodontal disease.

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The potential role of amlodipine on experimentally induced bacterial rhinosinusitis

Publication date: Available online 28 September 2016
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Arzu Tatar, Mukadder Korkmaz, Muhammed Yayla, Elif Polat, Hakan Uslu, Zekai Halici, Secil N. Parlak
IntroductionFor the treatment of rhinosinusitis antibiotics are used frequently. Concerns have been raised regarding the adverse effects of antibiotics and growing resistance. The lack of discovery of new antibiotic compounds has increased the necessity for exploration of non-antibiotic compounds that have antibacterial activity. Amlodipine is a non-antibiotic compound with anti-inflammatory activity.ObjectiveIn this study we aimed to investigate the potential role of amlodipine in treatment of rhinosinusitis by evaluating its effects on tissue oxidative status, mucosal histology and inflammation.MethodsFifteen adult albino guinea pigs were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and treated with saline, cefazolin sodium, or amlodipine for 7 days. The control group was five healthy guinea pigs. Animals were sacrificed after the treatment. Histopathological changes were identified using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Inflammation was assessed by Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration density. Tissue levels of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, glutathione) and an oxidative product (malondialdehyde) were determined.ResultsIn rhinosinusitis induced animals, amlodipine reduced loss of cilia, lamina propria edema and collagen deposition compared to placebo (saline) and although not superior to cefazolin, amlodipine decreased PMNL infiltration. The superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels were reduced, whereas the malondialdehyde levels were increased significantly in all three-treatment groups compared to the control group. Amlodipine treated group showed significantly increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels and decreased malondialdehyde levels compared to all treatment groups.ConclusionThe non-antibiotic compound amlodipine may have a role in acute rhinosinusitis treatment through tissue protective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.



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Carotid blowout syndrome in patients treated by larynx cancer

Publication date: Available online 29 September 2016
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Carlos Miguel Chiesa Estomba, Frank Alberto Betances Reinoso, Alejandra Osorio Velasquez, Olalla Castro Macia, Maria Jesus Gonzalez Cortés, Jesus Araujo Nores
IntroductionCarotid blowout syndrome (CBS) is an uncommon complication for patient treated by head and neck tumours, related with a high mortality rate.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to study the risk of carotid blowout in a large cohort of patients treated only by larynx cancer.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients older than 18 years, treated by larynx cancer who developed a carotid blowout syndrome in a tertiary academic centre.Results197 patients met the inclusion criteria, 192 (98.4%) were male and 5 (1.6%) were female. 6 (3%) patients developed a CBS, 4 patients had a CBS located in the internal carotid artery and 2 in the common carotid artery. According to the type of rupture, 3 patients suffer a type I, 2 patients a type III and 1 patient a type II. Five of those patients had previously undergone radiotherapy and all patients underwent total laryngectomy. We found a statistical correlation between open surgical procedures (p=0.004) and radiotherapy (p=0.023) and the development of a CBS.ConclusionCarotid blowout syndrome (CBS) is an uncommon complication in patients treated by larynx tumours. According to our results, patient underwent radiotherapy and patients treated with open surgical procedures with pharyngeal opening have a major risk to develop a CBS.



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Predicting PD-L1 expression on human cancer cells using next-generation sequencing information in computational simulation models

Abstract

Purpose

Interaction of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) co-receptor on T cells with the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells can lead to immunosuppression, a key event in the pathogenesis of many tumors. Thus, determining the amount of PD-L1 in tumors by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is important as both a diagnostic aid and a clinical predictor of immunotherapy treatment success. Because IHC reactivity can vary, we developed computational simulation models to accurately predict PD-L1 expression as a complementary assay to affirm IHC reactivity.

Methods

Multiple myeloma (MM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines were modeled as examples of our approach. Non-transformed cell models were first simulated to establish non-tumorigenic control baselines. Cell line genomic aberration profiles, from next-generation sequencing (NGS) information for MM.1S, U266B1, SCC4, SCC15, and SCC25 cell lines, were introduced into the workflow to create cancer cell line-specific simulation models. Percentage changes of PD-L1 expression with respect to control baselines were determined and verified against observed PD-L1 expression by ELISA, IHC, and flow cytometry on the same cells grown in culture.

Result

The observed PD-L1 expression matched the predicted PD-L1 expression for MM.1S, U266B1, SCC4, SCC15, and SCC25 cell lines and clearly demonstrated that cell genomics play an integral role by influencing cell signaling and downstream effects on PD-L1 expression.

Conclusion

This concept can easily be extended to cancer patient cells where an accurate method to predict PD-L1 expression would affirm IHC results and improve its potential as a biomarker and a clinical predictor of treatment success.

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Phase I/II trial of combination of temozolomide chemotherapy and immunotherapy with fusions of dendritic and glioma cells in patients with glioblastoma

Abstract

Background

This trial was designed to evaluate the safety and clinical responses to a combination of temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy and immunotherapy with fusions of DCs and glioma cells in patients with glioblastoma (GBM).

Method

GBM patients were assigned to two groups: a group of recurrent GBMs after failing TMZ-chemotherapy against the initially diagnosed glioma (Group-R) or a group of newly diagnosed GBMs (Group-N). Autologous cultured glioma cells obtained from surgical specimens were fused with autologous DCs using polyethylene glycol. The fusion cells (FC) were inoculated intradermally in the cervical region. Toxicity, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of this trial were evaluated. Expressions of WT-1, gp-100, and MAGE-A3, recognized as chemoresistance-associated peptides (CAP), were confirmed by immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded tumor samples. Patient's PBMCs of pre- and post-vaccination were evaluated by tetramer and ELISPOT assays.

Results

FC-immunotherapy was well tolerated in all patients. Medians of PFS and OS of Group-R (n = 10) were 10.3 and 18.0 months, and those of Group-N (n = 22) were 18.3 and 30.5 months, respectively. Up-regulation and/or cytoplasmic accumulation of CAPs was observed in the recurrent tumors of Group-R patients compared with their initially excised tumors. Specific immune responses against CAPs were observed in the tetramer and ELISPOT assays.

Conclusions

The combination of TMZ-treatment leading to up-regulation and/or cytoplasmic accumulation of CAPs, with FC-immunotherapy as a means of producing specific immunity against CAPs, may safely induce anti-tumor effects in patients with GBM.

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Steroid therapy ameliorated cataplexy in three children with recent-onset of narcolepsy

Autoimmune mechanism is implicated in the pathology of narcolepsy [1]. We reported favorable effects of steroid therapy on three recent onset children who suffered from narcolepsy with cataplexy. Three children showed excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, and were diagnosed as narcolepsy by undetectable hypocretin 1 levels in the cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) and the presence of sleep onset rapid eye movement (REM) period. They aged from 5 to 13 years, and patient 1 was a girl, while patients 2 and 3 were boys.

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Obstructive sleep apnea and incident type 2 diabetes

• Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a potentially modifiable risk factor for diabetes.• We found that OSA was associated with greater risk of developing diabetes.• The association between OSA and incident diabetes was independent of obesity.• The positive association persisted even when the sample was restricted to obese.

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